Resiliencia y trauma vicario en el trabajo juvenil: Desafíos y estrategias de apoyo

Catalina Guerrero-Romera; Veronika Šromová; José David Cuesta Sáez de Tejada

doi:10.65598/rps.5972

Autores/as

Catalina Guerrero-Romera Universidad de Murcia, España https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6080-1676
Veronika Šromová Asociación Red Europea los jóvenes importan ahora, España
José David Cuesta Sáez de Tejada Universidad de Murcia, Spain https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8500-0605

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.65598/rps.5972

Palabras clave:

Trabajadores juveniles, Resiliencia, Trauma vicario, Autocuidado, Bienestar, Salud mental

Resumen

Este estudio llevado a cabo en el marco del proyecto Erasmus Plus Safe Youth Workers, analiza la prevalencia del trauma vicario y su impacto psicosocial entre los trabajadores juveniles en España. A partir de la teoría centrada en el trauma vicario y el modelo de fatiga por compasión, se entiende fundamental el rol mediador del apoyo organizativo/institucional y la formación profesional en resiliencia emocional. Se empleó un enfoque cuantitativo, con un diseño no experimental, transversal, descriptivo correlacional, mediante encuesta estructurada en la plataforma Qualtrics, dirigido a 78 profesionales del trabajo juvenil. Los resultados nos indican que más del 50% de los participantes están expuestos de forma frecuente a situaciones emocionalmente exigentes. Se obtuvieron correlaciones moderadas y significativas entre el agotamiento emocional y la sobrecarga percibida, así como entre el apoyo organizativo y una reducción del agotamiento, aunque sin efecto sobre la sobrecarga. La formación en autocuidado y trauma mostró efectos protectores entre moderados y fuertes. Podemos concluir que el trauma vicario es un fenómeno recurrente y se relaciona con deterioro emocional. La formación profesional y un entorno organizacional favorable pueden ayudar a disminuir el agotamiento, pero además se requieren reformas estructurales. Es necesario una intervención amplia que englobe decisiones en política de salud mental, gestión y manejo de la carga laboral experimentada y desarrollo profesional continuo como mecanismo que permita reforzar la resiliencia en el trabajo juvenil.

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.

Biografía del autor/a

Veronika Šromová, Asociación Red Europea los jóvenes importan ahora, España

Proyecto Erasmus Plus Safe Youth Workers

Citas

Alkema, K., Linton, J. M., & Davies, R. (2008). A study of the relationship between self-care, compassion satisfaction, compassion fatigue, and burnout among hospice professionals. Journal of Social Work in End-of-Life & Palliative Care, 4(2), 101–119. https://doi.org/10.1080/15524280802237694

Assmann, M.-L., Tolgensbakk, I., Vedeler, J. S., & Bøhler, K. K. (2020). Public employment services: Building social resilience in youth? Social Policy & Administration, 54(7), 1170–1185. https://doi.org/10.1111/spol.12649

Bell, H., Kulkarni, S., & Dalton, L. (2003). Organizational prevention of vicarious trauma. Families in Society, 84(4), 463-470.

Berger, R., & Quiros, L. (2016). Best practices for training trauma-informed practitioners: Supervisors’ voice. Traumatology, 22(2), 145–154. https://doi.org/10.1037/trm0000076

Branson, D. C. (2019). Vicarious trauma, themes in research, and terminology: A review of literature. Traumatology, 25(1), 2. https://doi.org/10.1037/trm0000161

Corney, T., Marion, J., Baird, R., Welsh, S., & Gorman, J. (2023). Youth work as social pedagogy: Toward an understanding of non-formal and informal education and learning in youth work. Child & Youth Services, 44(4), 345–370. https://doi.org/10.1080/0145935X.2023.2218081

Costello, A. B., & Osborne, J. W. (2005). Best practices in exploratory factor analysis: Four recommendations for getting the most from your analysis. Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation, 10(7), 1-9.

Dagdeviren, H., Donoghue, M., & Promberger, M. (2016). Resilience, hardship and social conditions. Journal of Social Policy, 45(1), 1–20.

DeVellis, R. F. (2017). Scale development: Theory and applications (4th ed.). Sage Publications.

Kapoulitsas, M., & Corcoran, T. (2015). Compassion fatigue and resilience: A qualitative analysis of social work practice. Qualitative Social Work, 14(1), 86-101.

Killian, K. D. (2008). Helping till it hurts? A multimethod study of compassion fatigue, burnout, and self‐care in clinicians working with trauma survivors. Traumatology, 14(2), 32–44. https://doi.org/10.1177/1534765608319083

Kim, J., Chesworth, B., Franchino-Olsen, H., & Macy, R. J. (2021). A scoping review of vicarious trauma interventions for service providers working with people who have experienced traumatic events. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 23(5), 1573–1587. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838021991310

Lee, J. J., & Miller, S. E. (2013). A self-care framework for social workers: Building a strong foundation for practice. Families in Society, 94(2), 96–103. https://doi.org/10.1606/1044-3894.4289

McCann, I., & Pearlman, L. (1990). Vicarious traumatization: A framework for understanding the psychological effects of working with victims. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 3, 131–149.

Molnar, B. E., Meeker, S. A., Manners, K., Tieszen, L., Kalergis, K., Fine, J. E., Hallinan, S., Wolfe, J. D., & Wells, M. K. (2020). Vicarious traumatization among child welfare and child protection professionals: A systematic review. Child Abuse & Neglect, 110, 104679. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104679

Morse, G., Salyers, M. P., Rollins, A. L., Monroe-DeVita, M., & Pfahler, C. (2012). Burnout in mental health services: A review of the problem and its remediation. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 39(5), 341-352.

Newell, J. M., & MacNeil, G. A. (2010). Professional burnout, vicarious trauma, secondary traumatic stress, and compassion fatigue: A review of theoretical terms, risk factors, and preventive methods for clinicians and researchers. Best Practices in Mental Health, 6(2), 57–68.

Pearlman, L. A., & Caringi, J. (2009). Living and working self-reflectively to address vicarious trauma. En C. A. Courtois & J. D. Ford (Eds.), Treating complex traumatic stress disorders: An evidence-based guide (pp. 202–224). The Guilford Press.

Pharris, A. B., Muñoz, R. T., & Hellman, C. M. (2022). Hope and resilience as protective factors linked to lower burnout among child welfare workers. Children and Youth Services Review, 136, 106424.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2022.106424

SAMHSA. (2014). SAMHSA’s concept of trauma and guidance for a trauma-informed approach. Retrieved from https://store.samhsa.gov/product/SAMHSA-s-Concept-of-Trauma-and-Guidance-for-a-Trauma-Informed-Approach/SMA14-4884

Pedregosa, F., Varoquaux, G., Gramfort, A., Michel, V., Thirion, B., Grisel, O., ... & Duchesnay, E. (2011). Scikit-learn: Machine learning in Python. Journal of Machine Learning Research, 12, 2825-2830.

Shen, B., McCaughtry, N., Martin, J., Garn, A., Kulik, N., & Fahlman, M. (2015). The relationship between teacher burnout and student motivation. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 85(4), 519–532. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjep.12089

Skaalvik, E. M., & Skaalvik, S. (2017). Motivated for teaching? Associations with school goal structure, teacher self-efficacy, job satisfaction and emotional exhaustion. Teaching and Teacher Education, 67, 152–160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2017.06.006

Saakvitne, K. W., & Pearlman, L. A. (1996). Transforming the pain: A workbook on vicarious traumatization. Norton.

Sprang, G., Ford, J., Silman, R., & Kohon, J. (2011). Secondary traumatic stress in child welfare workers: A multi-state study. Child Abuse & Neglect, 35(10), 818-828.

Streiner, D. L., Norman, G. R., & Cairney, J. (2015). Health measurement scales: A practical guide to their development and use (5th ed.). Oxford University Press.

Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2019). Using multivariate statistics (7th ed.). Pearson.