Diversity, Inequality, and Resilience: Rural Productive Organization Experiences in Contexts of Conflict
The Case of Small-Scale Producers in Northern Cauca
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.65598/rps.5951Keywords:
Collective action, rural inequality, ethnic diversity, productive organization, armed conflict, Northern CaucaAbstract
This article analyzes the organizational experiences of small rural producers in northern Cauca, Colombia—a region characterized by its ethnic diversity, structural inequality, and prolonged exposure to armed conflict. Based on a qualitative methodological strategy, supported by in-depth interviews and thematic analysis assisted by Bibliometrix software, the study examines associative practices, mutual support networks, and forms of community resistance that emerge as responses to environmental constraints. The study incorporates structural indicators such as the Ethnic Diversity Index and the Lorenz Curve to contextualize land tenure conditions in the territory. The findings reveal that collective action, community leadership, and collaborative work constitute key strategies for agro-productive sustainability, territorial defense, and grassroots peacebuilding. The article concludes that diversity is not only a demographic characteristic but also an essential organizational foundation for confronting inequality and promoting transformative processes.
Downloads
References
Acevedo Osorio, Á., & Schneider, S. (2020). Agricultura Campesina, Familiar y Comunitaria: una perspectiva renovada del campesinado para la construcción de paz en Colombia. Luna Azul, 50, 132-155. https://doi.org/10.17151/luaz.2020.50.7
Agudelo Ceballos, E. J., & Valencia Arias, A. (2018). La gestión del conocimiento, una política organizational para la empresa de hoy. Ingeniare. Revista chilena de ingeniería, 26(4), 673-684. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-33052018000400673
Aguilar-Forero, N. (2020). The four co’s of youth collective action: The case of Colombia’s national strike (november 2019-january 2020); [Las cuatro co de la acción colectiva juvenil: El caso del paro nacional de colombia (noviembre 2019-enero 2020)]. Analisis Politico, 32(98), 26 – 43. https://doi.org/10.15446/anpol.v33n98.89408
Altieri, M. A., & Nicholls, C. I. (2020). Agroecology: Challenges and opportunities for farming in the Anthropocene | Agroecología: desafíos y oportunidades para cultivar en el Antropoceno. International Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources, 47(3), 204-215. https://doi.org/10.7764/ijanr.v47i3.2281
Andres, A. S., Navarro, M. L. H., & Barthe, L. (2021). Multilevel governance as a key feature within the LEADER programme for territorial development and the empowerment of local actors: The cases of aragón and midi-pyrénées | La gobernanza multinivel como elemento clave dentro del programa LEADER para el des. Cuadernos Geograficos, 60(3), 192-211. https://doi.org/10.30827/cuadgeo.v60i3.17750
Apostolopoulou, E., & Pant, H. (2022). “Silk Road here we come”: Infrastructural myths, post-disaster politics, and the shifting urban geographies of Nepal. Political Geography, 98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2022.102704
Arancibia, N. F. P. (2021). Collective action and reconstruction of the housing stock in mexico city: Approaches stemming from the earthquake of september 19, 2017; [Ação coletiva e reconstrução do parque habitacional na cidade do méxico: Abordagens a partir do sismo de 19 de setembro de 2017]; [Acción colectiva y reconstrucción del parque habitacional en ciudad de méxico: Aproximaciones a partir del sismo del 19 de septiembre de 2017]. Antipoda, 45, 151 – 175. https://doi.org/10.7440/ANTIPODA45.2021.07
Aria, M., & Cuccurullo, C. (2017). bibliometrix : An R-tool for comprehensive science mapping analysis. Journal of Informetrics, 11(4), 959-975. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joi.2017.08.007
Auyero, J., & Berti, M. F. (2015). In harm’s way: The dynamics of urban violence. En In Harm’s Way: The Dynamics of Urban Violence. Princeton University Press. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84937779580&partnerID=40&md5=8844b33ec86a19f8a604c6ce139d09d7
Batterbury, S. P. J., Palmer, L. R., Reuter, T. R., De Carvalho, D. do A., Kehi, B., & Cullen, A. (2015). Land access and livelihoods in post-conflict timor-leste: No magic bullets. International Journal of the Commons, 9(2), 619 – 647. https://doi.org/10.18352/ijc.514
Bedoya-Dorado, C., & Maca-Urbano, D. (2020). Sugarcane employment: Daily precariousness or precariousness of daily life? | Trabajos en la caña de azúcar ¿Cotidianidad de lo precario o precariedad de lo cotidiano? Psicoperspectivas, 19(3). https://doi.org/10.5027/psicoperspectivas-Vol19-Issue3-fulltext-2061
Berry, M. E. (2015). From violence to mobilization: Women, war, and threat in Rwanda. Mobilization, 20(2), 135 – 156. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84982883708&partnerID=40&md5=60d8cf46922c3d5d05284d4f79af7ee1
Bowyer, T. J. (2018). Beyond Suffering and Reparation: The Aftermath of Political Violence in the Peruvian Andes. En Beyond Suffering and Reparation: The Aftermath of Political Violence in the Peruvian Andes. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98983-9
Castaño Orozco, C. S. (2023). Horizontes de sentido del territorio campesino e implementación del acuerdo final de paz en el suroccidente colombiano. Eleuthera, 25(2), 63-81. https://doi.org/10.17151/eleu.2023.25.2.4
Chaparro, H., Zúñiga, C., Fuentes-Tobar, C., Uribe-Bravo, K. A., & Ruiz-Dodobara, F. (2024). Social Identity as a Mediator Between Emotions and Participation in Collective Action: A Comparative Study of Peruvian and Chilean Students; [A identidade social como mediadora entre as emoções e a participação em ações coletivas: pesquisa com estudantes peruanos e chilenos]; [La identidad social como mediadora entre las emociones y la participación en acciones colectivas: una investigación en estudiantes peruanos y chilenos]. Revista de Estudios Sociales, 2024(90), 101 – 119. https://doi.org/10.7440/res90.2024.07
Chavez-Miguel, G., Acevedo-Osorio, Á., Castaño-Arcila, G., Löhr, K., Sieber, S., & Bonatti, M. (2022). Farmer-led education on the Colombian Andes: Escuelas Campesinas de Agroecología as a social learning approach for post-conflict reconstruction. Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems, 46(8), 1249 – 1276. https://doi.org/10.1080/21683565.2022.2092577
Chavez-Miguel, G., Bonatti, M., Ácevedo-Osorio, Á., Sieber, S., & Löhr, K. (2022). Agroecology as a grassroots approach for environmental peacebuilding Strengthening social cohesion and resilience in post-conflict settings with community-based natural resource management. GAIA - Ecological Perspectives for Science and Society, 31(1), 36 – 45. https://doi.org/10.14512/GAIA.31.1.9
Cristina, P., & Carazo, M. (2006). El método de estudio de caso: estrategia metodológica de la investigación científica. Pensamiento & Gestión, (20), 165-193. https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=64602005
Dalmasso, C. (2024). Methodologycal Contributions to the Research of Oasis Green Belts in Mendoza, Argentina | APORTES METODOLÓGICOS AL ESTUDIO DE CINTURONES VERDES DE OASIS EN MENDOZA, ARGENTINA. Revista Iberoamericana De Viticultura Agroindustria Y Ruralidad, 11(31), 20-37. https://doi.org/10.35588/rivar.v10i31.6091
DANE. (2024). Perfil económico: Departamento de Cauca Contenido. https://www.mincit.gov.co/getattachment/d6e4fd81-8739-4fe6-8d96-191351ebd122/Cauca.aspx
de Janvry, A., McIntosh, C., & Sadoulet, E. (2015). FAIR TRADE AND FREE ENTRY: CAN A DISEQUILIBRIUM MARKET SERVE AS A DEVELOPMENT TOOL? REVIEW OF ECONOMICS AND STATISTICS, 97(3), 567-573. https://doi.org/10.1162/REST_a_00512
de Sevilla España Aguilar Gavira, U., & Osuna, B. (2015). LA TRIANGULACIÓN DE DATOS COMO ESTRATEGIA EN INVESTIGACIÓN EDUCATIVA. Pixel-Bit. Revista de Medios y Educación, (47), 73-88. https://doi.org/10.12795/pixelbit.2015.i47.05
Deaconu, A., Batal, M., Calderón, C. I., Caron, P., McNally, J., Frison, E., Mercille, G., Riva, M., & Brisbois, B. (2024). Food Systems Innovation to Nurture Equity and Resilience Globally (Food SINERGY): insights from the Food SINERGY network. Facets, 9(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1139/facets-2024-0026
Eriksen, S. H., Nightingale, A. J., & Eakin, H. (2015). Reframing adaptation: The political nature of climate change adaptation. Global Environmental Change, 35, 523 – 533. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2015.09.014
Flores Ledesma, K. N., Montoya Vargas, A., Vasquez Llamo, C. E., & Cánez Palomino, R. W. (2021). Decentralized educational management with a territorial approach | Gestión educativa descentralizada con enfoque territorial. Revista Venezolana De Gerencia, 26(Special Is), 65-76. https://doi.org/10.52080/rvgluz.26.e5.5
Fonjong, L., & Mbuli, C. (2025). Gender Inequality, Climate Change, and Armed Conflict: Exploring the Triple Challenges for Female Farmers in Northwestern Cameroon. Society and Natural Resources. https://doi.org/10.1080/08941920.2025.2512545
García Fonseca, T. (2024). Hilos del pasado: herramientas metodológicas para reconstruir la memoria colectiva de organizaciones campesinas. Casos UPANACIONAL y UPIAV. Revista Rupturas, 85-106. https://doi.org/10.22458/rr.v14i1.5180
Gaviria-Mesa, J. I., Granda-Viveros, M. L., López-Medina, J. D., & Vargas-Cano, R. (2018). Desigualdad rural y conflicto interno armado en Colombia: un círculo vicioso. Izquierdas, 39, 209-228. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-50492018000200209
Guasca, M., Van Broeck, A. M., & Vanneste, D. (2024). Tourism and the elusive peace amid violent post-conflict geographies in Colombia. Tourism Geographies, 26(7), 1072 – 1088. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2022.2162574
Guasca, M., Vanneste, D., & Van Broeck, A. M. (2022). Peacebuilding and post-conflict tourism: addressing structural violence in Colombia. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 30(2-3), 427 – 443. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1869242
Hachmann, S., Löhr, K., Morales-Muñoz, H., Eufemia, L., Sieber, S., & Bonatti, M. (2023). Conceptualizing Community-based Environmental Peacebuilding in Cesar, Colombia. Human Ecology, 51(2), 221 – 235. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10745-023-00399-9
Hall, G. H., & Patrinos, H. A. (2004, diciembre 31). Indigenous Peoples, Poverty and Human Development in Latin America: 1994-2004 - executive summary. https://documentos.bancomundial.org/es/publication/documents-reports/documentdetail/327561468300536074
Haydari, H., Agahi, H., & Geravandi, S. (2024). Social Resilience of Iranian Potato Farmers Against Climate Changes. Potato Research, 67(3), 795 – 813. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11540-023-09649-1
Hellin, J., Ratner, B. D., Meinzen-Dick, R., & Lopez-Ridaura, S. (2018). Increasing social-ecological resilience within small-scale agriculture in conflict-affected Guatemala. Ecology and Society, 23(3). https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-10250-230305
Hurtado, C., & Poveda Galeano, S. L. (2020). Defensa del territorio étnico por las mujeres del Norte del Cauca: Análisis de su situación actual (Alianza por la Solidaridad, Ed.; Vol. 1). Alianza por la Solidaridad. https://www.alianzaporlasolidaridad.org/axs2020/wp-content/uploads/DEFENSA-TERRITORIO-ETNICO-MUJERES-CAUCA-ESP-online.pdf
Kay, C. (2015). The agrarian question and the neoliberal rural transformation in Latin America. European Review of Latin American and Caribbean Studies, 100, 73-83. https://doi.org/10.18352/ERLACS.10123
Labbé, J. F., Valderramma, R., & Rojas, D. (2024). Environmental injustice and territorial collective action during the Chilean constituent process (2019-2022); [Injusticia ambiental y acción colectiva territorial durante el proceso constituyente chileno (2019-2022)]. Revista Austral de Ciencias Sociales, 2024(47), 49 – 74. https://doi.org/10.4206/rev.austral.cienc.soc.2024.n47-03
Larson, A., & Dahal, G. (2012). Forest tenure reform: New resource rights for forest-based communities? Conservation and Society, 10(2), 77. https://doi.org/10.4103/0972-4923.97478
Löhr, K., Aruqaj, B., Baumert, D., Bonatti, M., Brüntrup, M., Bunn, C., Castro-Nunez, A., Chavez-Miguel, G., Rio, M. L. Del, Hachmann, S., Muñoz, H. C. M., Ollendorf, F., Rodriguez, T., Rudloff, B., Schorling, J., Schuffenhauer, A., Schulte, I., Sieber, S., Tadesse, S., … Weinhardt, M. (2021). Social cohesion as the missing link between natural resource management and peacebuilding: Lessons from cocoa production in côte d’ivoire and Colombia. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(23). https://doi.org/10.3390/su132313002
Lopez Barrera, E., Peña-Lévano, L., Lowenberg-DeBoer, J., Fontanilla-Díaz, C., & Mosquera-Montoya, M. (2022). Sustainable businesses development in post-conflict zones: a case in rural Colombia. Journal of Agribusiness in Developing and Emerging Economies, 12(4), 730-749. https://doi.org/10.1108/JADEE-11-2021-0299
Martínez Chapa, O. (2019). El papel del conocimiento en las organizaciones productivas: Aspectos teóricos y reflexiones / The Role of Knowledge in Productive Organizations: Theoretical Aspects and Reflections. RIDE Revista Iberoamericana para la Investigación y el Desarrollo Educativo, 9(18), 412-422. https://doi.org/10.23913/ride.v9i18.430
McMichael, P. (2021). Political economy of the global food and agriculture system. En Rethinking Food and Agriculture (pp. 53-75). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-816410-5.00003-7
Medina, L., Pacillo, G., Läderach, P., Sieber, S., & Bonatti, M. (2025). Adapting to climate change under threats of violence: A comparative institutional analysis of incentives for conflict and collaboration. Current Research in Environmental Sustainability, 9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crsust.2024.100276
Mena García, M. I., Romero, M. G., Caicedo Ortiz, J. A., Angola, M., & Desch Obi, T. J. (2020). La Cátedra de Estudios Afrocolombianos. Una apuesta de justicia Étnico-racial en la escuela. Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Cali. https://www.javerianacali.edu.co/sello-editorial-javeriano/catalogo/la-catedra-de-estudios-afrocolombianos-una-apuesta-de-justicia
Moreno Quintero, R. (2011). Las organizaciones indígenas y campesinas frente al conflicto armado en el norte del Cauca. https://hdl.handle.net/10893/688
Naess, L. O., Wangari-Muneri, E., Nightingale, A. J., & Mehta, L. (2025). Climate change and the operation of power: intersectionality, dispossession, and knowledge politics in pastoral communities. Journal of Peasant Studies. https://doi.org/10.1080/03066150.2025.2451288
Nagoda, S., & Nightingale, A. J. (2017). Participation and Power in Climate Change Adaptation Policies: Vulnerability in Food Security Programs in Nepal. World Development, 100, 85 – 93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.07.022
Neef, A., & Grayman, J. H. (2018). Conceptualising the tourism–disaster–conflict nexus. Community, Environment and Disaster Risk Management, 19, 1 – 31. https://doi.org/10.1108/S2040-726220180000019001
Nightingale, A. J. (2018). The socioenvironmental state: Political authority, subjects, and transformative socionatural change in an uncertain world. Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space, 1(4), 688 – 711. https://doi.org/10.1177/2514848618816467
Ojha, H., Nightingale, A. J., Gonda, N., Muok, B. O., Eriksen, S., Khatri, D., & Paudel, D. (2022). Transforming environmental governance: critical action intellectuals and their praxis in the field. Sustainability Science, 17(2), 621 – 635. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-022-01108-z
Ossandón, A. O., Alba, D. M., Otárola, D. I., & Gajardo, K. M. (2020). Analysis of the perspective of integrating the national rural development policy into communal development plans in Chile | Análisis de la perspectiva de integración de la política nacional de desarrollo rural. Urbano, 23(42), 66-79. https://doi.org/10.22320/07183607.2020.23.42.06
Peña-Cáceres, O., Silva-Marchan, H., Espinoza-Nima, R., Peña-Cáceres, G., & Ortiz-Castro, G. (2024). Priority Policies in Facebook Posts of a Local Government in Peru | Políticas prioritarias en publicaciones de Facebook de un Gobierno Local en Perú. European Public and Social Innovation Review, 9. https://doi.org/10.31637/epsir-2024-709
Ramírez-Meneses, A., Santos-Colorado, L. E. de los, & Solís-Ramírez, V. (2022). Retos y desafíos de una organización rural: acoplamiento estricto/acoplamiento laxo. Revista de Investigaciones Universidad del Quindío, 34(S5), 41-55. https://doi.org/10.33975/riuq.vol34nS5.1084
Rodríguez-Miranda, A., Boza, S., & Núñez, A. (2021). Agricultural cooperatives’ contribution to territorial development: Findings from cases in Chile and Uruguay | La contribución del cooperativismo agrario al desarrollo territorial: Hallazgos a partir de casos en Chile y Uruguay. Iberoamerican Journal of Development Studies, 10(2), 34-60. https://doi.org/10.26754/OJS_RIED/IJDS.554
Rojas-Granada, C., & Cuesta-Borja, R. (2021). Los estudios sobre el conflicto armado y la construcción de paz en Colombia desde una perspectiva territorial: abordajes y desafíos. Revista CS, 33, 205-235. https://doi.org/10.18046/recs.i33.3995
Roldán, D., & Urcola, M. (2022). From Communal Action to Collective Action: The Social Mobilization of the Fishermen in Santa Fe around the Territorial Conflict of the Paraná River (2000-2020); [Da ação comunitária à ação coletiva: a mobilização social dos pescadores de Santa Fé no conflito territorial do Rio Paraná (2000-2020)]; [De la acción comunal a la acción colectiva: la movilización social de los pescadores santafesinos en la conflictividad territorial del río Paraná (2000-2020)]. HiSTOReLo, 14(31), 124 – 164. https://doi.org/10.15446/historelo.v14n31.95490
Rosario, P. del. (2023). “Nuevas narrativas para una transformación rural en América Latina y el Caribe: hacia una medición y caracterización renovada de los espacios rurales” (Recensión). Revista de Fomento Social, 0(307). https://revistas.uloyola.es/rfs/article/view/5317
Rovira-Rubio, R. A., & Montoya-Castaño, M. A. (2025). Acción colectiva juvenil rural: resistencia y re-existencia en tiempos de posacuerdo (Riosucio, Colombia). Revista Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, Niñez y Juventud, 19(1), 1-27. https://doi.org/10.11600/rlcsnj.19.1.4626
Saavedra, L. F. C., & Morilla, C. R. (2017). «Democratic Goods» in the Economy for the Common Good: Four ways for conceptual delimitation | Los «Bienes Democráticos» en la Economía del Bien Común: Cuatro vías para su delimitación conceptual. Ciriec Espana Revista De Economia Publica Social Y Cooperativa, 1(90), 223-252. https://doi.org/10.7203/CIRIEC-E.90.9087
Saccucci, E., & Hernández-Bertone, J. (2024). Study of social conflict in Córdoba: trends in collective actions between 2006-2018; [Estudio de la conflictividad social en Córdoba: tendencias de las acciones colectivas entre 2006-2018]. Avances del Cesor, 21(30). https://doi.org/10.35305/ac.v21i30.1579
Salas-Salazar, L. G. (2016). Conflicto armado y configuración territorial: Elementos para la consolidación de la paz en Colombia. Bitacora Urbano Territorial, 26(2), 45-57. https://doi.org/10.15446/BITACORA.V26N2.57605
Saldarriaga, D. M., & Arango, M. R. (2020). Social mobilization and deliberation the collective action frame as the conclusion of a deliberative dialogue; [Movilización social y deliberación el marco de acción colectiva como conclusión de un diálogo deliberativo]. Co-herencia, 17(32), 99 – 118. https://doi.org/10.17230/CO-HERENCIA.17.32.4
Sánchez-Zamora, P., Gallardo-Cobos, R., & Ceña Delgado, F. (2016). The notion of resilience in the analysis of the rural territorial dynamics: An approach to the concept through a territorial approach | La noción de resiliencia en el análisis de las dinámicas territoriales rurales: Una aproximación al concepto mediante u. Cuadernos De Desarrollo Rural, 13(77), 93-116. https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.cdr13-77.nrad
Santacoloma Varón, L. E. (2015). Importancia de la economía campesina en los contextos contemporáneos: una mirada al caso colombiano. Entramado, ISSN-e 1900-3803, Vol. 11, No. 2, 2015, págs. 38-50, 11(2), 38-50. https://doi.org/10.18041/entramado.2015v11n2.22210
Santiago, M. A. (2025). Strengthening community resilience: a theoretical and empirical approach | Fortalecimiento de la resiliencia comunitaria: un enfoque teórico y empírico. European Public and Social Innovation Review, 10. https://doi.org/10.31637/epsir-2025-1627
Siddiqi, A., & Canuday, J. J. P. (2018). Stories from the frontlines: decolonising social contracts for disasters. Disasters, 42, S215 – S238. https://doi.org/10.1111/disa.12308
Silva, M. de C. C., Bronzo, C., & Brasil, F. de P. D. (2024). Movimento feminista negro, ação coletiva e incidência em políticas públicas. Revista Estudos Feministas, 32(2). https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9584-2024v32n290114
Solís Montenegro, M. Y., Ibarra Bermúdez, M. A., & Salazar Villano, F. E. (2018). Una aproximación a territorios en situación de conflicto armado: perspectivas desde la Economía Solidaria con un enfoque triangulado en dos municipios del Cauca (Colombia). REVISTA CONTROVERSIA, 210, 179-200. https://doi.org/10.54118/controver.vi210.1116
Taccone, N. (2025). The Wartime Roots of Rural Governance: Militias’ Evolving Roles in Post-Conflict Peru. Comparative Political Studies. https://doi.org/10.1177/00104140251342934
Tamariz, G., Thiede, B. C., & Zimmerer, K. S. (2025). Revisiting the drug crop eradication-violence nexus: a mixed-methods analysis of conflict and cooperation in traditional governance communities in Oaxaca, Mexico. Ecology and Society, 30(2). https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-16020-300233
Tansu Tunç, S., Buts, C., & du Bois, C. (2024). Unpacking the Impact of External Support on Rebel Groups: Does it Fuel or Quell Violence Against Civilians? Defence and Peace Economics, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1080/10242694.2024.2423195
Terridata. (2024, marzo 25). Fichas de caracterización Territorial. Terridata - DNP. https://terridata.dnp.gov.co/index-app.html#/descargas
Toro, J., Mazo-Zapata, J., & Zapata, O. (2020). All that glitters is not gold: Collective action in gold mining; [Nem tudo o que reluz é ouro: ação coletiva na mineração de ouro. O caso de Buriticá, Antioquia]; [No todo lo que brilla es oro: Acción colectiva en minería aurífera. buriticá, antioquia]. Revista de Economia Institucional, 21(42), 269 – 295. https://doi.org/10.18601/01245996.v22n42.11
Toumbourou, T., Muhdar, M., Werner, T., & Bebbington, A. (2020). Political ecologies of the post-mining landscape: Activism, resistance, and legal struggles over Kalimantan’s coal mines. Energy Research & Social Science, 65, 101476. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2020.101476
Trejo, E. C. (2024). Scenarios, Meetings and Practices of Collective Action in a Complex Social Space of the Indigenous Community, Altos de Chiapas, Chiapas, Mexico; [Escenarios, encuentros y prácticas de acción colectiva en un espacio social complejo de la comunidad indígena, Altos de Chiapas, Chiapas, México]. Estudios de Cultura Maya, 64, 269 – 288. https://doi.org/10.19130/IIFL.ECM.64.2024/0011WX00S899
Turpo-Gebera, O., Mango-Quispe, P., & Pérez-Postigo, G. (2025). Conceptual mapping of media disinformation in Peru | Cartografía conceptual de la desinformación mediática en Perú. European Public and Social Innovation Review, 10. https://doi.org/10.31637/epsir-2025-1560
van der Ploeg, J. D., Ye, J., & Schneider, S. (2023). Reading markets politically: on the transformativity and relevance of peasant markets. The Journal of Peasant Studies, 50(5), 1852-1877. https://doi.org/10.1080/03066150.2021.2020258
Villegas Rodríguez, E., Díaz Lozano, A. Y., & Nieto Vargas, L. (2017). Propuesta del modelo espacial para la evaluación y gestión del territorio, para la incorporación de las Unidades de Planificación y Gestión Territorial (UPGT) al pos-conflicto colombiano. Agora U.S.B., 17(2), 472. https://doi.org/10.21500/16578031.3286
Willems, R. C. (2015). Security and hybridity after armed conflict: The dynamics of security provision in post-civil war states. En Security and Hybridity after Armed Conflict: The Dynamics of Security Provision in Post-Civil War States. Taylor and Francis Inc. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315781181
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Authors retain copyright and transfer to the journal the right of first publication and publishing rights

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Those authors who publish in this journal accept the following terms:
-
Authors retain copyright.
-
Authors transfer to the journal the right of first publication. The journal also owns the publishing rights.
-
All published contents are governed by an Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Access the informative version and legal text of the license. By virtue of this, third parties are allowed to use what is published as long as they mention the authorship of the work and the first publication in this journal. If you transform the material, you may not distribute the modified work. -
Authors may make other independent and additional contractual arrangements for non-exclusive distribution of the version of the article published in this journal (e.g., inclusion in an institutional repository or publication in a book) as long as they clearly indicate that the work was first published in this journal.
- Authors are allowed and recommended to publish their work on the Internet (for example on institutional and personal websites), following the publication of, and referencing the journal, as this could lead to constructive exchanges and a more extensive and quick circulation of published works (see The Effect of Open Access).











