¿Un «efecto Musk» en Funkwhale? Dinámicas de crecimiento en una plataforma de streaming de audio del Fediverso
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.65598/rps.6159Palabras clave:
Funkwhale, Fediverso, Redes sociales descentralizadas, Streaming de audio, música, PodcastingResumen
El Fediverso ha surgido como respuesta a patrones estructurales de abuso y desequilibrios de poder en las plataformas sociales centralizadas. Mastodon es el proyecto federado más popular, aunque existen otras opciones, como Funkwhale en el ámbito de la transmisión de audio –una alternativa abierta y descentralizada a Spotify–. Este estudio analiza la evolución de Funkwhale desde el 18 de mayo de 2022 hasta el 18 de mayo de 2023, un período marcado por la adquisición de Twitter (renombrado X) por parte de Elon Musk, con repercusiones en los ecosistemas sociales. Realizamos un análisis descriptivo longitudinal de datos agregados de the-federation.info mediante pruebas Z, correlación de Pearson e índice de Herfindahl-Hirschman. Los resultados indican que Funkwhale representa una fracción modesta (~10 000 usuarios, 145 nodos) en el Fediverso (~22 000 nodos, 12 millones de usuarios); no obstante, experimentó un crecimiento del 42 % en nodos y del 39 % en usuarios, principalmente tras la toma de control de Musk el 27 de octubre de 2022. Este crecimiento muestra una fuerte correlación con las tendencias del Fediverso, con una infraestructura más sincronizada (r²=0.717) que la adopción de usuarios (r²=0.523). Las pruebas Z muestran una aceleración significativa del crecimiento a partir de noviembre de 2022 (p<0.01). El análisis geográfico revela una concentración moderada (IHH = 0,1725), un predominio europeo y presencia en 20 países. A pesar de la posición de Funkwhale como plataforma de nicho de audio, sus patrones de crecimiento son consistentes con un efecto de arrastre más amplio asociado al denominado “efecto Musk”, lo que sugiere una reconfiguración indirecta de la atención y la participación en el ecosistema del Fediverso tras el cambio de propiedad de Twitter/X.
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